사용후핵연료 관리의 현재와 미래

Nuclear energy is a safe, stable, and economically viable energy source. However, it comes with the challenge of resolving the issue of spent nuclear fuel. Globally, technologies for managing spent nuclear fuel are advancing, and some countries are on the verge of operating final disposal facilities. South Korea, as a leading nuclear power with top-tier reactor construction capabilities and even nuclear exports, still faces unresolved challenges in managing spent nuclear fuel. Over the past 40 years, South Korea has made nine attempts to secure a disposal site for high-level radioactive waste, all of which have ended in failure. This failure stems from the public's low trust in government policies on spent nuclear fuel management, which often change with each administration, as well as a lack of social acceptance. Meanwhile, storage facilities for spent nuclear fuel at nuclear power plant sites are nearing their capacity limits. In the worst case scenario, this could lead to the cessation of operating nuclear reactors. We must create a world where the public and future generations can live without concerns about spent nuclear fuel. The nuclear industry must further advance safe management technologies for spent nuclear fuel to foster public trust in experts and provide reassurance. In addition, the government and the National Assembly should swiftly establish various policy measures, including legislation, to enhance social acceptance, which is essential for securing a final disposal site for high-level radioactive waste. This paper examines the current status of spent nuclear fuel domestically and internationally and aims to provide insights into the future of spent nuclear fuel management.